Which test is used for serotyping of FMD virus?
Which test is used for serotyping of FMD virus?
Serotyping of FMD Virus Isolates. FMD serotyping was executed using 13 positive samples by antigen detection sandwich ELISA intended for identifying the serotypes involved in the outbreaks. Out of 13 positive FMDV clinical samples, all FMDV positive samples were identified to be serotype SAT-2.
How will the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease be confirmed?
Serological methods detect the presence of viral antigens or antibodies in serum or other body fluid samples. Apart from detecting the viral genome 1 to 2 days postinfection in oral fluid and serum samples (50, 51), FMD diagnosis can also be confirmed through the detection of anti-FMDV antibodies in serum samples.
How is FMD diagnosed in cattle?
Presently FMD diagnosis is being carried out using techniques such as Virus Isolation (VI), Sandwich-ELISA (S-ELISA), Liquid-Phase Blocking ELISA (LPBE), Multiplex-PCR (m-PCR), and indirect ELISA (DIVA), and real time-PCR can be used for detection of antibody against nonstructural proteins.
How do you treat FMD?
There is no specific treatment for FMD. In endemic countries antibiotic therapy may be used to control secondary bacterial infection of ulcers but recovery takes several weeks to months. In the UK animalsthat are confirmed to have FMD will be compulsorily slaughtered (with government compensation).
What is FMD vaccine?
Vaccination of susceptible animals against foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a well established strategy for helping to combat the disease. Traditionally, FMD vaccine has been used to control a disease incursion in countries where the disease has been endemic rather than in countries considered free of the disease.
What is the symptoms of foot and mouth disease?
Symptoms of hand, foot, and mouth disease usually include fever, mouth sores, and skin rash commonly found on the hands, mouth, and/or feet. Hand, foot, and mouth disease is common in infants and children younger than 5 years old. Most children have mild symptoms for 7 to 10 days.
How long does it take for cattle to recover from FMD?
They usually heal in 1-2 weeks. – lameness from blisters/ulcers. Normally the disease goes from animal to animal through the air or by direct contact with virus containing secretions (for instance from ruptured vesicles). Transmission by wind over many kilometres is possible.
How do you treat FMD in cattle at home?
Kathirvel, president of the Milk Producers Cooperative Society at Nochikattuvalasu, said, “About 100 FMD-affected cattle recovered in five days after being administered the herbal medicine.” Another herbal solution containing turmeric, aloe vera, palm jaggery, common salt, garlic and coconut extract was also used.
How is FMD transmitted?
FMD is found in all excretions and secretions from infected animals. Notably, these animals breathe out a large amount of aerosolised virus, which can infect other animals via the respiratory or oral routes. The virus may be present in milk and semen for up to 4 days before the animal shows clinical signs of disease.
Which antibiotic is best for FMD?
There is no specific treatment for FMD. The conventional method of treating infected animals mainly involves the use of antibiotics, flunixin meglumine and mild disinfectants (Radostitis et al. 2000).
How can FMD be prevented?
Preventing the introduction and spread of FMD
- keep everything clean – materials like mud or bedding on clothes, boots equipment or vehicles can carry the virus from farm to farm or between different groups of livestock on the farm.
- don’t wear work clothes to sales or shows.