What are the plant viruses?
What are the plant viruses?
Plant viruses are viruses that affect plants. Like all other viruses, plant viruses are obligate intracellular parasites that do not have the molecular machinery to replicate without a host. Plant viruses can be pathogenic to higher plants.
What are the classification of plant viruses?
The plant viruses are classified on the basis of structure, physicochemical properties, serological relationships, activities in the host plants, and transmission.
What is mechanism of plant virus?
The majority of characterized plant viruses have RNA genomes. Genetic variability is a fundamental feature of RNA viruses. High mutation rates, recombination and reassortment are the three basic mechanisms that are responsible for the enormous genetic polymorphism and rapid evolution of RNA viruses.
What are the families of plant viruses?
Plant viruses have genomes composed of either RNA or DNA. Most of the plant virus families with members infecting forest trees have positive-sense RNA genomes (Fig. 20.1). These include members of Betaflexiviridae, Bromoviridae, Closteroviridae, Potyviridae, Secoviridae, Tombusviridae, and Virgaviridae.
How many plant viruses are there?
Since then, a large number of diverse viruses have been found in plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria. The current estimate of recognized viruses is approaching 4,000, of which about 1,000 are plant viruses. The main reason that we study plant viruses is the negative impact that viral diseases have on crop production.
Who discovered the first plant virus?
In 1892, Dmitri Ivanovsky used one of these filters to show that sap from a diseased tobacco plant remained infectious to healthy tobacco plants despite having been filtered. Martinus Beijerinck called the filtered, infectious substance a “virus” and this discovery is considered to be the beginning of virology.
How do you identify a plant virus?
One of the most widely used diagnostic tests for plant viruses is an antibody-based procedure called the Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
Who discovered plant virus?
What is the best reference book for plant virus biology?
Ackermann, H. -W. (2008). -Bacterio-phage. Encyclopedia of virology, Vol. 2, 442–449. Caspar, D. L. D. and Klug, A. (1962). Physical principles in the construction of plant viruses. Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 27, 1–24. Fauquet, C. M. and Mayo, M. A. (1999). Abbreviations for plant virus names-1999. Arch Virol.
How to monitor virus infection in plants?
Visual inspection of infected plants This method has been/is most common and simplest way to monitor virus infection in plants in the field. –A trained person cans field-screen no. of plants by walking along the plant rows.
What are plant viruses composed of?
A virus mainly consist of nucleic acids (DNA or RNA; Single or double standard) and proteins. However majority of plant viruses are composed of SSRNA. Highly complex pathogen Possess strains In the studyof vector borne virus epidemiology there are five parameters (Racch and Irwin, 1988).
Why is it important to study plant viruses?
SUMMARY † Plant viruses are important pathogens. † The study of plant viruses has made important contributions to the understanding of viruses in general—for example, the recognition of viruses as pathogens, the structure of virus particles, and the infectious nature of RNA.