What is the pathophysiology of secondary hypertension?
What is the pathophysiology of secondary hypertension?
Secondary high blood pressure (secondary hypertension) is high blood pressure that’s caused by another medical condition. Secondary hypertension can be caused by conditions that affect your kidneys, arteries, heart or endocrine system. Secondary hypertension can also occur during pregnancy.
What is hypertension and its pathophysiology?
Hypertension is a chronic elevation of blood pressure that, in the long-term, causes end-organ damage and results in increased morbidity and mortality. Blood pressure is the product of cardiac output and systemic vascular resistance.
What is a hypertension Stage 2?
More-severe hypertension, stage 2 hypertension is a systolic pressure of 140 mm Hg or higher or a diastolic pressure of 90 mm Hg or higher. Hypertensive crisis. A blood pressure measurement higher than 180/120 mm Hg is an emergency situation that requires urgent medical care.
What is the most common cause of secondary hypertension?
The prevalence and potential etiologies of secondary hypertension vary by age. The most common causes in children are renal parenchymal disease and coarctation of the aorta. In adults 65 years and older, atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis, renal failure, and hypothyroidism are common causes.
How is secondary hypertension differentiated from primary hypertension?
Unlike primary hypertension, secondary hypertension develops because of an underlying medical condition or disease. Secondary hypertension is rare, affecting about only 5% of people with chronic high blood pressure.
What are the pathological changes in hypertension?
The pathological changes in blood vessels observed in primary (essential hypertension) are similar to those seen in secondary hypertension due to renal disease or other causes. In benign hypertension, the major changes are in the small arteries and arterioles especially in the kidney.
How do you manage Stage 2 hypertension?
Among the medications that are used to treat Stage 2 hypertension are diuretics, beta-blockers and alpha-blockers, calcium channel blocker and ACE inhibitors, which relax blood vessels as well as decrease blood volume, thereby lowering blood pressure and decreasing oxygen demand from the heart.
Does Stage 2 hypertension require medication?
140/90 or higher (stage 2 hypertension): You probably need medication. At this level, your doctor is likely to prescribe medicine now to get your blood pressure under control. At the same time, you’ll also need to make lifestyle changes. If you ever have blood pressure that’s 180/120 or above, it’s an emergency.
Which are risk factors for secondary hypertension?
Risk factors for secondary hypertension
- Use of oral contraceptives or corticosteroids.
- Problems with your adrenal or thyroid glands.
- Hormonal disorders or pregnancy.
- A congenital defect of the aorta in your heart called coarctation.
- Kidney disease, or insufficient blood flow to the kidneys due to arterial blockage.